Incidence and risk factors for polypharmacy among elderly people assisted by primary health care in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy is recognized as a global public health problem and one of the greatest challenges related to the aging population. Few studies have investigated the incidence and risk factors for polypharmacy among elderly individuals. These studies provided important information on the issue but were developed in high-income countries. This study investigates the incidence and risk factors for polypharmacy among elderly people assisted by primary health care over a period of 11 years. METHODS: This was a census-based prospective longitudinal study that included people aged 60 years or older living in a small municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The baseline occurred in 2010 and the second wave of the study occurred in 2021. The study population consisted of elderly individuals who did not use polypharmacy at baseline and were reinterviewed in 2021 (N = 128). Data collection in the first and second waves was performed through a household survey using a structured questionnaire. The dependent variable was polypharmacy, defined as the simultaneous use of 5 or more drugs. The independent variables included sociodemographic, health and functionality factors. For multivariate analyses, Poisson regression with robust variance was used, estimating the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The incidence of polypharmacy was 46.1% in the 11-year period. The highest number of health problems was a risk factor for polypharmacy (RR = 1.177; 95% CI 1.093-1.267). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of polypharmacy among elderly people assisted in primary health care in Brazil is high. The number of diseases is a risk factor for polypharmacy. These results have implications for future primary health care practices and may support the development of policies, actions and services aimed at reducing polypharmacy and promoting the rational use of drugs in the population at higher risk.

Práticas alimentares de professores da educação básica de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo transversal / Feeding practices of basic education teachers in a city in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul: a cross-sectional study

Introdução: no Brasil, é possível identificar mudanças nas práticas alimentares nas últimas décadas, alimentos tradicionais como arroz e feijão perderam a importância e foram substituídos por alimentos prontos para o consumo. Objetivo: diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as práticas alimentares de professores da rede municipal de educação de Passo Fundo, RS. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo transversal com professores de ambos os sexos da rede municipal de educação. Os professores foram convidados a participar do estudo por meio de correio eletrônico da prefeitura municipal. A coleta de dados foi mediante formulário eletrônico com questões sobre condições sociodemográficas, saúde e práticas alimentares Resultados: foram avaliados 108 professores, a média de idade foi de 42,81 anos (DP=8,85) e 95,4% eram mulheres. Em relação às práticas alimentares, observou-se que 68,7% (n=71) apresentaram práticas alimentares satisfatórias, sendo que a média de pontuação foi de 45,46 (DP=8,33). Conclusão: apesar do elevado percentual de práticas alimentares excelentes, observa-se práticas alimentares inadequadas que podem contribuir para a ocorrência de excesso de peso ao longo do tempo.

Introduction: in Brazil, it is possible to identify changes in eating practices in recent decades, traditional foods such as rice and beans have lost importance and have been replaced by ready-to-eat foods. Objective: therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of teachers from the public education system of Passo Fundo, RS. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out with male and female teachers from the municipal public education system. Teachers were invited to participate in the study via e-mail from the municipal government. Data were collected using an electronic form with questions about sociodemographic conditions, health and eating practices. Results: 108 teachers were evaluated; the average age was 42.81 years (SD=8.85) and 95.4% were women. Regarding eating practices, it was observed that 68.7% (n=71) had satisfactory eating practices, with an average score of 45.46 (SD=8.33). Conclusion: despite the high percentage of excellent eating practices, it was be observed that inadequate eating practices can contribute to the occurrence of excess weight over time.

Relation between anemia and hospitalized older adults' nutritional status / Relação entre anemia e estado nutricional de idosos hospitalizados / Relación entre anemia y estado nutricional de los adultos mayores hospitalizados

Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is frequent in hospitalized older adults, favoring nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia. Several studies have associated anemia with reduced performance in daily activities, which may increase morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the relation between anemia and older adults' nutritional status. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with hospitalized older adults. Anemia was investigated via hemoglobin. The chosen outcome variables were anemia and hemoglobin and the exposure variables gender, age group, skin color, marital status, education, and nutritional status. Variables were described in absolute and relative frequencies. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used. Results: Overall, we evaluated 272 hospitalized older adults and fund a 65.1% prevalence of anemia. We associated anemia with age group, malnutrition, and decreased muscle mass. Hemoglobin levels decreased as participants' nutritional status worsened, with malnutrition showing the lowest average. Conclusion: Anemia was associated with nutritional status by the evaluated instruments and we observed a reduction in hemoglobin levels as volunteers' nutritional status worsened. Therefore, research must understand the factors associated with anemia, and healthcare providers should investigate anemic older adults' clinical history anemic to search for its basic cause.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: A desnutrição é frequente em idosos hospitalizados, favorecendo deficiências nutricionais, como a anemia. Diversos estudos associaram a anemia com a redução do desempenho nas atividades diárias, podendo aumentar a morbidade e mortalidade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a relação entre anemia e estado nutricional de idosos hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com idosos hospitalizados. A anemia foi investigada através da hemoglobina. As variáveis desfecho foram a anemia e a hemoglobina; e as variáveis de exposição foram: gênero, faixa etária, cor da pele, situação conjugal, escolaridade e estado nutricional. As variáveis foram descritas em frequência absoluta e relativa. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se os Testes Qui-quadrado e Anova. Resultados: Foram avaliados 272 idosos hospitalizados, nos quais a prevalência de anemia foi de 65,1%. Verificou-se associação dessa condição com a faixa etária, desnutrição e massa muscular diminuída. Os níveis de hemoglobina diminuíram conforme a piora do estado nutricional, sendo que os desnutridos tiveram a menor média. Conclusão: A anemia foi associada com o estado nutricional pelos instrumentos avaliados, também se observou a redução dos níveis de hemoglobina conforme a piora do estado nutricional. Portanto, a compreensão dos fatores associados à anemia é necessária, sendo fundamental que os profissionais de saúde investiguem a história clínica do idoso anêmico em busca de sua causa básica.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: La desnutrición es frecuente en los adultos mayores hospitalizados, favoreciendo deficiencias nutricionales como la anemia. Varios estudios han asociado la anemia a un rendimiento reducido en las actividades diarias, lo que predispone a un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre anemia y estado nutricional de los adultos mayores hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudio transversal con adultos mayores hospitalizados. La anemia se investigó a través de la hemoglobina. Las variables de resultado fueron la anemia y la hemoglobina; y las variables de exposición fueron sexo, grupo de edad, color de piel, estado civil, educación y estado nutricional. Las variables se describieron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA. Resultados: Se evaluaron a 272 adultos mayores hospitalizados, en los cuales la prevalencia de anemia fue del 65,1%. Se encontró que la anemia estaba asociada al grupo de edad, la desnutrición y la disminución de la masa muscular. Los niveles de hemoglobina disminuyeron a medida que empeoraba el estado nutricional, con un promedio más bajo en los desnutridos. Conclusión: La anemia se asoció al estado nutricional en los instrumentos evaluados, se observó también una reducción en los niveles de hemoglobina a medida que empeoraba el estado nutricional. Por tanto, es necesario conocer los factores asociados a la anemia, y los profesionales de la salud necesitan investigar la historia clínica del adulto mayor anémico en busca de su causa básica.(AU)

Using a mobile health app to improve patients' adherence to hypertension treatment: a non-randomized clinical trial.

Poor adherence to hypertension treatment increases complications of the disease and is characterized by a lack of awareness and acceptance of ongoing treatment. Mobile health (mHealth) apps can optimize processes and facilitate access to health information by combining treatment methods with attractive solutions. In this study, we aimed at verifying the influence of using an mHealth app on patients' adherence to hypertension treatment, also examining how user experience toward the app influenced the outcomes. A total of 49 participants completed the study, men and women, diagnosed with hypertension and ongoing medical treatment. For 12 weeks, the control group continued with conventional monitoring, while the experimental group used an mHealth app. From the experimental group, at baseline, 8% were non-adherent, 64% were partial adherents and 28% were adherent to the treatment. Baseline in the control group indicated 4.2% non-adherents, 58.3% partial adherents, and 37.5% adherents. After follow-up, the experimental group had an increase to 92% adherent, 8% partially adherent, and 0% non-adherent (P < 0.001). In the control group, adherence after follow-up remained virtually the same (P ≥ 0.999). Results of user experience were substantially positive and indicate that the participants in the experimental group had a satisfactory perception of the app. In conclusion, this study suggests that using an mHealth app can empower patients to manage their own health and increase adherence to hypertension treatment, especially when the app provides a positive user experience.

Clock drawing test: comparison between the Pfizer and the Shulman systems.

Cognitive decline can be screened by the clock drawing test (CDT), which has several versions. Objective: This survey aimed to analyze the correlation between two simple methods for scoring the CDT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was nested in the Elo-Creati cohort from Passo Fundo, Brazil and comprised 404 subjects. Two raters underwent previous training and scored the subjects' CDT according to both the Pfizer and Shulman systems. The inter-observer and intra-observer concordance within each method was analyzed with the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, as well as the concordance of the scores between the two methods. Age and scholarity were also correlated with the scores. Results: Most of the participants were women (93.8%) and Caucasian (84.6%), with a mean age of 66.9 (±7.8) years and a scholarity of 10.9 years (±5.6). There was significant inter-observer (Pfizer: r=0.739, p£0.001; Shulman: r=0.727, p£0.001) and intra-observer correlation (Pfizer: rater 1, r=0.628, p≤0.001; rater 2, r=0.821, p≤0.001; Shulman: rater 1, r=0.843, p≤0.001; rater 2: r=0.819; p≤0.001). Intra-observer correlation was also observed comparing Pfizer and Shulman methods (rater 1: r=0.744; p≤0.001; rater 2: r=0.702; p≤0.001). There was weak correlation of the scores with scholarity (Pfizer: r=0.283, p£0.001; Shulman: r=0.244, p£0.001) and age (Pfizer: r=-0.174, p£0.001; Shulman: r=-0.170, p£0.001). More participants were classified with decreased cognition through the Pfizer system (rater 1: 44.3 vs. 26.5%; rater 2: 42.1 vs. 16.3%; p≤0.001). Conclusions: For this population, our results suggest that the Pfizer system of scoring CDT is more suitable for screening cognitive decline.

O déficit cognitivo pode ser triado pelo teste do desenho do relógio (TDR), que tem várias versões. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa visou avaliar a concordância entre dois métodos simples de TDR. Métodos: Estudo transversal, aninhado na coorte Elo-Creati de Passo Fundo, Brasil, que incluiu 404 sujeitos. Dois avaliadores previamente treinados analisaram o TDR dos participantes de acordo com os sistemas de Pfizer e de Shulman. A concordância inter e intraobservador foi analisada com o teste de coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman, assim como a concordância pela estatística kappa dos escores entre os métodos. Idade e escolaridade também foram correlacionados com os escores. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era de mulheres (93,8%) e caucasianos (84,6%), com média de idade de 66,9±7,8 anos e de escolaridade de 10,9±5,6 anos. Houve significativa correlação interobservador (Pfizer: r=0,739, p£0,001; Shulman: r=0,727, p£0,001) e intraobservador (Pfizer: avaliador 1, r=0,628, p≤0,001; avaliador 2, r=0,821, p≤0,001; Shulman: avaliador 1, r=0,843, p≤0,001; avaliador 2: r=0,819; p≤0,001). Correlação intraobservador significativa também foi evidenciada comparando-se os sistemas de Pfizer e Shulman (avaliador 1: r=0,744; p≤0,001; avaliador 2: r=0,702; p≤0,001). Houve fraca correlação dos escores com escolaridade (Pfizer: r=0,283, p£0,001; Shulman: r=0,244, p£0,001) e idade (Pfizer: r=-0,174, p£0,001; Shulman: r=-0,170, p£0,001). Mais participantes foram classificados com declínio cognitivo com o sistema de Pfizer (avaliador 1: 44,3 vs. 26,5%; avaliador 2: 42,1 vs. 16,3%; p≤0,001). Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que, para essa população, o sistema de Pfizer para avaliar o TDR é mais adequado para a triagem cognitiva.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly users of the primary health care system / Prevalencia de la sarcopenia entre los ancianos usuarios del sistema de atención primaria

OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly primary care users, and the relationship of nutritional status with sarcopenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the study was a cross-sectional study with elderly users of the primary health care network. The participants were evaluated for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, which involved calculation of muscle mass, grip strength, and walking speed, as well as sociodemographic, anthropometric and nutritional variables. Nutritional status was evaluated through the body mass index (BMI) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) instrument. The study was conduted at eleven family health centers in Marau, Rio Grande do Sul, and included elderly subjects aged 65 years and over (n = 148). RESULTS: of the elderly subjects evaluated, 72.3 % were female; mean age was 73.6 years (SD: 5.5), ranging from 65 to 89 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.2 %, 47.3 % of the sample had low manual grip strength, and 53.7 % had inadequate walking speed. Regarding BMI, 10.8 % of participants were classified as underweight, and 75 % of these were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with the oldest age group (p = 0.046) and with higher BMI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: results show the importance of assessing nutritional status and a potential diagnosis of sarcopenia, mainly since this syndrome is highly associated with inappropriate food intake, which is often impaired among the elderly because of economical and/or physiological reasons

OBJETIVO: identificar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en personas mayores de atención primaria y la relación entre el estado nutricional y la sarcopenia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: el estudio fue un estudio transversal de usuarios mayores de la red de atención primaria de salud. Los ancianos se evaluaron para ver si tenían diagnóstico de sarcopenia, lo que implica calcular la masa muscular, la fuerza de agarre y la velocidad al caminar, así como variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y nutricionales. El estado nutricional se evaluó a través del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el instrumento Mini Evaluación Nutricional (MNA). El estudio se llevó a cabo en once centros de salud familiar de Marau, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, y contó con ancianos de 65 o más años de edad (n = 148). RESULTADOS: de los ancianos evaluados, el 72,3 % eran mujeres; la edad media fue de 73,6 años (DE: 5,5) con un rango de 65 a 89 años. La prevalencia de la sarcopenia fue del 14,2 %, el 47,3 % de los ancianos tenían una fuerza de agarre manual baja y el 53,7 % tenían una velocidad de marcha insuficiente. Con respecto al IMC, el 10,8 % de los ancianos se clasificaron como de bajo peso y el 75 % de estos se diagnosticaron de sarcopenia. La sarcopenia se asoció significativamente al grupo de mayor edad (p = 0,046) y al de mayor IMC (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados muestran la importancia que tiene evaluar el estado nutricional junto con al posible diagnóstico de sarcopenia, principalmente porque el síndrome está relacionado con la ingesta inapropiada de alimentos, que muchas veces aparece deteriorada en las personas mayores por motivos económicos y/o fisiológicos

Effects of using a mobile health application on the health conditions of patients with arterial hypertension: A pilot trial in the context of Brazil's Family Health Strategy.

Brazil's Family Health Strategy (FHS) leads public health policies and actions regarding community health, addressing arterial hypertension (AH) in primary care settings. In this scenario, the use of communication technologies becomes appropriate for the monitoring of patients with AH. To preliminary verify the intervention approach and the effects of using an m-Health application on the health conditions of patients with AH for a future study, we conducted a non-randomized, controlled, non-blind trial (N = 39), comparing the use of a mobile health app (m-Health) with conventional AH monitoring over 3 months. During the study, we promoted health information workshops to engage patients from both intervention and control groups. Pre and post-intervention, we compared measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure; food frequency questionnaire; Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale; blood tests of hemogram, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, lipid profile, and glycemia. Improvements were identified in both groups due to the workshops, including the reduction in total and non-HDL cholesterol, healthier consumption of salads and sugary drinks, and increased self-care scores. Exclusively in the intervention group, which used the m-Health app, there was a change in systolic and diastolic pressure towards more adequate levels. In addition, the intervention group had improved levels of glucose and HDL cholesterol and reduced consumption of ultra-processed foods. In conclusion, the use of an m-Health app had positive effects on the health conditions of patients with AH under treatment within FHS, especially when combined with health information. On the context of FHS, the use of technology is encouraging supporting better health conditions.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly users of the primary health care system.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly primary care users, and the relationship of nutritional status with sarcopenia. Material and methods: the study was a cross-sectional study with elderly users of the primary health care network. The participants were evaluated for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, which involved calculation of muscle mass, grip strength, and walking speed, as well as sociodemographic, anthropometric and nutritional variables. Nutritional status was evaluated through the body mass index (BMI) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) instrument. The study was conduted at eleven family health centers in Marau, Rio Grande do Sul, and included elderly subjects aged 65 years and over (n = 148). Results: of the elderly subjects evaluated, 72.3% were female; mean age was 73.6 years (SD: 5.5), ranging from 65 to 89 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.2%, 47.3% of the sample had low manual grip strength, and 53.7% had inadequate walking speed. Regarding BMI, 10.8% of participants were classified as underweight, and 75% of these were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with the oldest age group (p = 0.046) and with higher BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusions: results show the importance of assessing nutritional status and a potential diagnosis of sarcopenia, mainly since this syndrome is highly associated with inappropriate food intake, which is often impaired among the elderly because of economical and/or physiological reasons.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en personas mayores de atención primaria y la relación entre el estado nutricional y la sarcopenia. Material y métodos: el estudio fue un estudio transversal de usuarios mayores de la red de atención primaria de salud. Los ancianos se evaluaron para ver si tenían diagnóstico de sarcopenia, lo que implica calcular la masa muscular, la fuerza de agarre y la velocidad al caminar, así como variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y nutricionales. El estado nutricional se evaluó a través del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el instrumento Mini Evaluación Nutricional (MNA). El estudio se llevó a cabo en once centros de salud familiar de Marau, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, y contó con ancianos de 65 o más años de edad (n = 148). Resultados: de los ancianos evaluados, el 72,3% eran mujeres; la edad media fue de 73,6 años (DE: 5,5) con un rango de 65 a 89 años. La prevalencia de la sarcopenia fue del 14,2%, el 47,3% de los ancianos tenían una fuerza de agarre manual baja y el 53,7% tenían una velocidad de marcha insuficiente. Con respecto al IMC, el 10,8% de los ancianos se clasificaron como de bajo peso y el 75% de estos se diagnosticaron de sarcopenia. La sarcopenia se asoció significativamente al grupo de mayor edad (p = 0,046) y al de mayor IMC (P < 0,001). Conclusiones: estos resultados muestran la importancia que tiene evaluar el estado nutricional junto con al posible diagnóstico de sarcopenia, principalmente porque el síndrome está relacionado con la ingesta inapropiada de alimentos, que muchas veces aparece deteriorada en las personas mayores por motivos económicos y/o fisiológicos.

Perfil lipídico de idosas de um centro de referência e atenção ao idoso / Lipid profile of elderly women from a reference center for the elderly

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil lipídico de idosas de um Centro de Referência e Atenção ao Idoso de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com idosas matriculadas em oficinas oferecidas pelo centro e foram avaliadas as características demográficas e socioeconômicas, perfil lipídico, Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência da cintura e nível de atividade física de 265 idosas com idade média de 68,9+66 anos em que a maioria apresentou níveis de triglicerídeos menores que 150mg/dL (74,9%), níveis de colesterol total menores que 200mg/dL (76,3%), valores do LDL colesterol inferiores a 100mg/dL (43%) e níveis de HDL colesterol abaixo de 40mg/dL (80,8%). Quanto ao estado nutricional, 51,6% apresentaram um IMC adequado e 77,6% com circunferência da cintura acima de 80cm. Para o nível de atividade física, em média, metade da amostra se mostrou suficientemente ativa. Observou-se maior prevalência de eutrofia, bom nível de atividade física, perfil lipídico adequado, porém, alta prevalência de circunferência da cintura acima dos valores recomendados. Os resultados favoráveis podem estar relacionados ao fato de serem idosas ativas e por participarem de um Centro de Referência para Idosos com oficinas de atividades físicas.(AU)

The objective of this study was to describe the lipid profile of elderly women from a Reference Center for the Elderly in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly women enrolled in workshops offered by the Center. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated, lipid profile, Body Mass Index, waist circumference and physical activity level of 265 elderly women with a mean age of 68,9+66 years, most of whom presented triglyceride levels below 150mg/dL (74.9 %), total cholesterol levels below 200mg/dL (76.3%), LDL cholesterol values below 100mg/dL (43%) and HDL cholesterol levels below 40mg/dL (80.8%). Regarding nutritional status, 51.6% had an adequate BMI and 77.6% with waist circumference above 80cm. For the level of physical activity, on average, half of the sample was sufficiently active. There was a higher prevalence of eutrophy, good level of physical activity, adequate lipid profile, but a high prevalence of waist circumference above the recommended values. Favorable results may be related to the fact that they are active older women and participate in a Reference Center for the Elderly in the physical activity workshops.(AU)

An Electronic Health Platform for Monitoring Health Conditions of Patients With Hypertension in the Brazilian Public Health System: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic noncommunicable diseases such as arterial hypertension have a high impact in the context of public health. Previous studies have shown improvements in blood pressure due to simple lifestyle changes, which were supported by electronic health (eHealth) solutions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop an eHealth platform and assess the effects of its use on the health conditions of patients with hypertension, with assistance from health professionals in the public health system of a Brazilian city. METHODS: The platform will include a server that centralizes all the data and business rules, a website dashboard for health professionals, and a mobile app for patients. We will analyze the effects of its use through a controlled, nonrandomized, nonblind, prospective, monocentric clinical trial. We will enroll 68 participants diagnosed with arterial hypertension and under medical follow-up and categorize them into two groups. The participants of the intervention group will use the platform as a monitoring method, whereas the participants of the control group will use conventional methods. In both groups, we will assess and compare the evolution of blood pressure and treatment adherence before, during, and after the intervention. RESULTS: The project was funded at the end of 2018. We have been developing the software since 2019 with plans to complete it in 2020, and we will enroll patients between 2020 and 2021. We expect to submit the first results for publication in 2020. CONCLUSIONS: For the primary outcome, we expect a reduction and stabilization of blood pressure. For the secondary outcomes, we hope to see improvements in treatment adherence, physical activities and dietary practices, and acceptance of the eHealth platform. In public health, the technology that favors disease control also helps reduce complications and, consequently, treatment costs. The platform might encourage the adaptation of medical assistance to incorporate this technology into patient monitoring. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/15299.

Prevalência de doenças crônicas em idosos atendidos na área de abrangência da estratégia saúde da família no interior do RS / Prevalence of chronic diseases in older adults served in the scope of the family health strategy in the city of Marau/RS

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de doenças crônicas em idosos atendidos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família em um município do norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal de dados secundários, realizado com indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais, através de prontuários eletrônicos do Sistema de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2016. As doenças crônicas investigadas foram diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, acidente vascular cerebral, infarto, câncer e ainda a presença de multimorbidade para 2 ou mais doenças associadas. Também foram coletadas informações demográficas, internação nos últimos 12 meses e uso de tabaco. Os dados foram analisados através de software de estatística. Para as variáveis quantitativas foram calculadas as medidas de tendência central e dispersão, e para as variáveis qualitativas foram apresentas as frequências absolutas e relativas simples. Para as associações foi aplicado o Teste exato de Fisher e o Teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: as doenças crônicas com maior prevalência foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (37,3%) e diabetes mellitus (10,1%), simultaneamente hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus 9,1%, e a prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 11%. A média de idade foi de 70,02 anos (+7,93), sendo que a maioria tinha entre 60 a 69 anos (55,2%), eram do sexo feminino (57,7%), não haviam internado nos últimos 12 meses (98,6%) e não faziam uso de tabaco (97,3%). Foi observado maior prevalência de multimorbidade entre os idosos com 80 anos ou mais (p<0,001), e associação entre doenças e sexo, a maior prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial foi no sexo feminino e maior prevalência de Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio no sexo masculino (p<0,05). Conclusão: os dados do estudo mostraram uma baixa prevalência de doenças crônicas e multimorbidade. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of chronic diseases in older adults served in the Family Health Strategy in the city in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Method: this is a cross-sectional study of secondary data, carried out with individuals aged 60 years or older, using electronic records of the Information System of the Unified Health System, in the period from January to December 2016. Chronic diseases investigated were diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, stroke, heart attack, cancer and the presence of multimorbidity for 2 or more associated diseases. We also collected demographic information, hospitalization in the last 12 months and use of tobacco. The data were analyzed with statistical software, for the quantitative variables were calculated the measures of central tendency and dispersion; and for the qualitative variables were presented the absolute frequencies and simple relatives. For associations it was applied the Fisher exact test and Chi-square test. Results: the most prevalent chronic diseases were systemic arterial hypertension (37.3%) and diabetes mellitus (10.1%), simultaneously systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (9.1%), and the prevalence of multimorbidity was 11%. The mean age was 70.02 years (+7.93), the majority were between 60 and 69 years old (55.2%), were female (57.7%), did not smoke (97, 3%) and had not hospitalized in the last 12 months (98.6%). Results: the most prevalent chronic diseases were systemic arterial hypertension (37.3%) and diabetes mellitus (10.1%), both systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus 9.1%, and the prevalence of multimorbidity was 11%. A higher prevalence of multimorbidity was observed among older adults with 80 years or more (p<0,001) and the association between diseases and sex, the highest prevalence of Arterial Hypertension was in females and a higher prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in males (p<0,05). Conclusion: the study data showed a low prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity (AU)

Perfil nutricional de trabalhadores beneficiados pelo Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador em Marau-RS / Nutritional profile of workers benefited by the worker food program in Marau-RS

Uma alimentação adequada é a base para o bem-estar do trabalhador. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o consumo alimentar de trabalhadores de uma empresa, beneficiados pelo PAT em Marau - RS. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com os trabalhadores com aplicação de um questionário para verificação do consumo alimentar, características demográficas e socioeconômicas dos trabalhadores. Os resultados apontam predomínio do gênero feminino, com idade média de 39,4 anos, pertencentes as classes B e C, e realizam de 3 a 4 refeições diárias, e 64% ficaram com pontuação entre 29 e 42 pontos, tendo a orientação de “ficar atento com sua alimentação e outros hábitos como atividade física e consumo de líquidos”. Desta forma destaca-se a necessidade da promoção de estratégias para alimentação saudável.

Risk of malnutrition and associated factors in institutionalized elderly persons / Risco de desnutrição e os fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados

Objective : to evaluate the risk of malnutrition and associated factors in institutionalized elderly persons. Method : a cross-sectional study was carried out with elderly persons living in long-term care facilities in the municipal regions of Passo Fundo (Rio Grande do Sul) and Carazinho (Rio Grande do Sul) in 2017. A standardized, pre-codified questionnaire with sociodemographic variables was used, along with anthropometric data and the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Cognitive decline and non-intentional weight loss were also evaluated. The qualitative variables were presented in terms of univariate frequencies and the quantitative variables were described through measures of central tendency and dispersion. In order to verify the association between the categorical variables, the Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi-Squared test and the Fisher Exact test were applied, and in the crude and adjusted analysis the Poisson regression was used with robust variance. The level of significance was 5%. Results : a total of 399 elderly people were included, of whom 69.9% were female, 54.5% were aged 80 years or older and 88.4% were white. Of these elderly people, 61.7% lived in non-profit facilities. In the evaluation of nutritional status, 26.6% of the elderly were found to be malnourished, 48.1% were at risk of malnutrition and 25.3% had normal nutritional status. The highest prevalence ratio of at risk of malnutrition/malnutrition was with cognitive decline and unintentional weight loss (p<0.001). Conclusion : through the results, identifying nutritional status and the characteristics associated with the risk of malnutrition contribute to effective evaluation and nutritional monitoring, assisting in the prevention of diseases related to this condition.

Objetivo : avaliar o risco de desnutrição e os fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados. Método : trata-se de um estudo transversal, com idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência para idosos nos municípios de Passo Fundo e Carazinho - Rio Grande do Sul, em 2017. Utilizou-se um questionário padronizado e pré-codificado com as seguintes variáveis: sociodemográficas, relacionadas a antropometria, mini avaliação nutricional, declínio cognitivo e perda de peso não intencional. As variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas através de frequências univariadas e as variáveis quantitativas foram descritas mediante medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Para verificar associação entre as variáveis categóricas, aplicaram-se o Teste Qui-quadrado, Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson e Teste Exato de Fisher e na análise bruta e ajustada utilizou-se a Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados : foram avaliados 399 idosos, 69,9% do sexo feminino, 54,5% eram idosos com 80 anos ou mais e 88,4% eram de cor de pele branca. Destes idosos, 61,7% são moradores de instituições filantrópicas. Na avaliação do estado nutricional, foram identificados que 26,6% dos idosos encontravam-se em desnutrição, 48,1% sob risco de desnutrição e 25,3% com estado nutricional normal. A maior razão de prevalência de estado nutricional sob risco/desnutrição foi entre idosos com declínio cognitivo e perda de peso não intencional (p<0,001). Conclusão : através dos resultados, conhecer o estado nutricional e as características associadas ao risco de desnutrição contribuem para uma adequada avaliação e acompanhamento nutricional colaborando na prevenção de agravos relacionados a esta condição e melhora na qualidade de vida.

Autopercepção de saúde de idosas praticantes de atividades físicas e fatores associados / Self-perception of health of elderly women practicers of physical activities and associated factors

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a autopercepção de saúde de idosas praticantes de atividade física e fatores associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, recorte do estudo longitudinal do Centro de Referência e Atenção ao Idoso, no período de 2014 e 2015. Aplicou- -se um questionário estruturado com questões sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas. Participaram idosas que realizavam uma ou mais oficinas de exercícios físicos, como alongamento, ioga, pilates no solo, treinamento funcional e dança, no mínimo duas vezes por semana, há pelo menos um mês. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial. Participaram do estudo 293 idosas, com idade média de 69 anos (± 6,9). A autopercepção de saúde foi relatada como positiva por 75,4% das idosas, e com relação a autopercepção de saúde negativa, não houve referência a saúde muito ruim e menos de 1% para saúde ruim. Na comparação de sua saúde no dia da entrevista com a de um ano atrás, 29,5% consideraram melhor e 56,8% igual, comparando com pessoas da mesma idade 62,5% referem estar melhor e 33,8% igual. Quanto a doenças crônicas, a maior frequência foi de hipertensão (58,6%), seguida por arritmia cardíaca (17,1%) e diabetes (11%). Houve associação entre autopercepção de saúde negativa e escolaridade, diabetes, arritmia cardíaca e uso de medicação. Conclui-se que a autopercepção de saúde pode ser influenciada pela escolaridade, condições clínicas, adesão e continuidade da prática de exercícios físicos em grupo. (AU)

This study aimed to verify the self-perception of health of elderly women engaged in physical activities, and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was performed as a cutout from the longitudinal study from Referral and Care Center to the Elderly: ELO-Creati, from 2014 to 2015. A questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical questions. Participating in the study were elderly women engaged in one or more workshops of physical exercises, like stretching, yoga, solo pilates, functional training, and dance, at least twice a week and for at least one month. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. Participating in the study were 293 elderly women with average age of 69 years (± 6.9). The self-perception of health was reported as positive by 75.4% of the elderly women and there was no reference to very poor health. When comparing their health on the day of the interview and one year previous, 29.5% considered it better and 56.8% considered it the same. When comparing with people of the same age, 62.5% claimed to feel better and 33.8% claimed to feel the same. As for chronic diseases, the higher frequency was for hypertension (58.6%), followed by cardiac arrhythmia (17.1%), and diabetes (11%). The time of participation in the group varied from one month up to 25 years. There was association between negative self-perception of health and level of education, diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmia, and use of medication. It was concluded that self-perception of health may be influenced by level of education, clinical conditions, engagement and continuity of group physical exercises. (AU)

Características do consumo alimentar de funcionários e professores de uma universidade comunitária / Characteristics of food consumption of employees and teachers in a community university

Introdução: A transição nutricional em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento é identificada por um processo de mudança nos padrões alimentares e estado nutricional.Objetivo: Investigar o consumo alimentar de funcionários e professores de uma universidade comunitária do Sul do Brasil. Casuística e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, em que foram convidados todos os professores e funcionários da Universidade de Passo Fundo. O instrumento de pesquisa foi elaborado em formulário on-line, enviado via endereço eletrônico em cinco momentos durante o período de maio a julho de 2016. O consumo alimentar foi investigado por meio do questionário do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira "Como está sua alimentação?" publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: Dos 2234 professores e funcionários, 489 responderam a pesquisa, sendo que a maioria era do sexo feminino (62,8%), tinham idade entre 19 e 49 anos (80,7%), pertenciam às classes econômicas A e B (75,8%), eram casados/união estável (68%) e possuíam pós-graduação (48,1%). Destacam-se nessa amostra: o consumo adequado de leguminosas, a retirada de gordura e a não adição de sal em alimentos prontos. Porém, foi encontrado elevado percentual de consumo alimentar regular, baixo consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, leite e derivados, água e alto consumo de carnes. Conclusão: Sabe-se que a maioria dos hábitos encontrados é considerada fator de risco para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e o conhecimento desse perfil na população estudada contribui para traçar ações de educação alimentar e nutricional para esse público, como prevenção de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Além disso, o ambiente de trabalho deve ser um espaço que proporcionepráticas alimentares saudáveis.

Introduction: The nutritional transition in developed and developing countries is identified by a process of change in dietary patterns and nutritional status. Objective:Toinvestigate the food consumption of employees and professors in a community university in the Southern Region of Brazil. Patients and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study, in which all the professors and employees of the University of Passo Fundo were invited. The research instrument was prepared in an online form, sent by electronic mail in five moments from May to July, 2016. Food consumption was investigated through the questionnaire of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population "How is your food?" which was published by the Ministry of Health. Results: Of the 2,234 professors and employees invited, 489 answered the survey. The majority of the sample (62.8%) were female, with age ranging from 19 to 49 years (80.7%). Regarding economic classes A and B, 75.8% were married and 68% are in a stable union. As for schooling, 48.1% had a graduate degree. We could point out in the study sample the adequate consumption of leguminous, fat removal, and the non-addition of salt in ready-to-eat foods. However, it was found a high percentage of regular food consumption, low consumption of fruits, vegetables and milk, milk and dairy products, water, and high meat consumption. Conclusion: It is known that most of the habits found are considered risk factors for chronic non communicable diseases. The acknowledgment of this profile in the population studied contributes toward the development of food and nutrition education actions, such as prevention of risk factors for chronic non communicable diseases. In addition, the work environment should be a space that provides healthy eating practices.

Osteoartrite: prevalência e presença de fatores associados em idosos ativos / Osteoarthritis: prevalence and presence of risk factors in elderly active

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de osteoartrite e a presença de fatores associados em frequentadores de um centro de convivência. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de coorte realizado com 391 adultos e idosos em um centro de convivência e atenção para idosos, de julho/2014 a julho/2015. Foram consideradas as variáveis: presença de osteoartrite, sexo, idade, cor/raça, estado nutricional, quedas, autopercepção de saúde, início da menopausa e auto relato de doenças. Resultados: dos 391 participantes, 32 (8,5%) possuíam osteoartrite, 377 (96,4%) eram do sexo feminino, 187 (47,9%) com idade entre 60 e 69 anos, 326 (84,1%) cor branca, 191 (56,5%) baixo peso/eutrófico, 63 (16,1%) relataram quedas no último ano, 282 (72,2%) saúde muito boa/boa, 223 (53,9%) hipertensão e 306 (78,3%) das mulheres atingiram a menopausa após os 55 anos. A razão de prevalência da osteoartrite mostrou-se associada a pior percepção de saúde (RP=2,01), relato de quedas (RP=2,37), osteoporose/osteopenia (RP=8,35) e artrite reumatoide (RP=7,84) Conclusão: a osteoartrite mostrou-se prevalente em um indivíduo a cada 12 estudados, possivelmente pela condição fisicamente ativa da amostra, sugerindo a influência desta na manifestação da doença.

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis and the presence of risk factors in a community center. Methodology: crosssectional study in a community center for the elderly, July/2014 to July/2015. They were considered: presence of osteoarthritis, sex, age, color/race, nutritional status, falls, perceived health, early menopause and self-reported disease. A descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: of the 391 participants, 8.5% had osteoarthritis, 96.4% were female, 47.9% aged between 60 and 69 years, 84.1% white, 56.5% underweight/normal weight, 16.1% reported falls in the last year, 72.2% health very good/good, 53.9% hypertension and 78.3% of women reached menopause after 55 years. The presence of osteoarthritis was associated with worse health perception (RP=2.01), history of falls (RP= 2.37), osteoporosis/osteopenia (RP=8,35) and rheumatoid arthritis (RP= 7,84). Conclusion: osteoarthritis was found to be prevalent in one subject every 12, possibly by physically active condition of the sample, suggesting its influence on the manifestation of the disease.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms among elderly women from a Center of Reference and Care for the Elderly in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosas de um Centro de Referência de Atenção ao Idoso no município de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract Objective: To analyze depressive symptoms and factors associated with this pathology among elderly women. Method: A cross-sectional study nested in the longitudinal study of the Care and Reference Center for the Elderly of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (Passo Fundo University) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was carried out. Standardized questionnaires, pre-coded with sociodemographic information, were applied. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess the outcome of depression. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of physical activity and parameters of Body Mass Index were used to assess nutritional status. The chi-squared test or the Fisher exact Test were applied to verify the association between outcome and exposure. Results: 313 elderly women were assessed. They were aged from 60 to 89 years, and most (284 - 91.3%) belonged to economic classes B and C. Depression was present in 22 (7.1%) of the elderly women. In bivariate analysis, depression was associated with non-white elderly women (14.6%; p=0.039) who were classified as insufficiently active (10.6%; p=0.033). Conclusion: The results indicate the need to encourage the elderly to perform physical activities to contribute to the prevention of geriatric depression. AU

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosas e fatores associados a essa patologia. Método: Estudo transversal aninhado ao estudo longitudinal do Centro de Referência e Atenção ao Idoso da Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS. Foram aplicados questionários padronizados e pré-codificados com informações sociodemográficas. O desfecho depressão foi aferido através da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Para o nível de atividade física foi utilizado o International Physical Activity Questionnaire e o estado nutricional foi avaliado através dos parâmetros do índice de massa corporal. Foi aplicado o Teste qui-quadrado ou o Teste exato de Fischer para verificar a associação entre o desfecho e a exposição. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 313 idosas, entre 60 e 89 anos de idade, a maioria (91,3%) pertencia às classes econômicas B e C. A depressão esteve presente em 22 (7,1%) idosas. Na análise bivariada, a depressão esteve associada às idosas de cor não branca (14,6%; p=0,039) e às classificadas como insuficientemente ativas (10,6%; p=0,033). Conclusão: Os resultados indicam a necessidade de incentivar idosos para que façam atividades físicas, no intuito de contribuir para a prevenção da depressão geriátrica. AU

Avaliação do estado nutricional em pacientes idosos oncológicos internados em um hospital de alta complexidade do Norte do Rio Grande do Sul / Assessment of nutritional status in oncological elderly patients admitted to a high complexity hospital of the North of Rio Grande do Sul

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o risco nutricional em pacientes idosos oncológicos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo transversal realizado com pacientes idosos oncológicos internados no Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram selecionados os pacientes com câncer que passaram pela avaliação antropométrica e subjetiva por meio da Mini Avaliação Nutricional Reduzida. Os dados foram coletados do formulário de investigação utilizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer, incluindo avaliação de dados clínicos, tipo de câncer, motivo e tempo de internação. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 70 idosos com câncer, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 72,94±6,93 anos. Todos os pacientes com câncer de pâncreas apresentaram perda de peso. Os pacientes com câncer de pulmão e de pâncreas foram os que apresentaram maior porcentagem de perda de peso grave (maior que 10% do peso habitual nos últimos seis meses), 57,1% e 40% respectivamente, enquanto a maioria dos casos de câncer de mama não tinham perda de peso. O índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da panturrilha diagnosticaram maior proporção de eutrofia (55,7% e 65,7%, respectivamente), diferentemente da Mini Avaliação Nutricional Reduzida, que identificou maiores percentuais de desnutrição ou risco nutricional (84,4%). CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos idosos oncológicos hospitalizados encontravam-se eutróficos pelos indicadores antropométricos índice de massa corporal e circunferência da panturrilha, enquanto uma proporção maior desses pacientes foram classificados como desnutridos ou em risco nutricional pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional Reduzida, assim como pela porcentagem de perda de peso. Os pacientes com câncer e pulmão e pâncreas foram os que mais apresentaram perda de peso grave. Os presentes resultados confirmam a importância de usar diferentes parâmetros para avaliar o estado nutricional de idosos oncológicos.

AIMS: To assess the nutritional risk in hospitalized oncological elderly patients. METHODS: Retrospective study conducted with oncological elderly patients hospitalized at the São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Patients with cancer who underwent anthropometric and subjective evaluation by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Reduced Forms were selected. Data were collected from the research form used by the National Cancer Institute, including clinical evaluation, type of cancer, reason for hospital admission and length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 70 elderly patients with cancer, of both genders, with a mean age of 72.94±6.93 years, were evaluated. All patients with pancreatic cancer had weight loss. Patients with lung cancer and pancreatic cancer had the highest percentage of severe weight loss (greater than 10% of usual weight in the last six months), 57.1% and 40% respectively, while the majority of breast cancer cases had no weight loss. Body mass index and calf circumference diagnosed greater proportion of normal weight (55.7% and 65.7%, respectively), unlike the Mini Nutritional Assessment Reduced Forms, that identified higher rates of malnutrition or nutritional risk (84.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Most hospitalized oncological elderly were found to be eutrophic by the anthropometric indicators body mass index and calf circumference, while a higher proportion of these patients were classified as malnourished or at nutritional risk by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Reduced Forms, as well as by the percentage of weight loss. Patients with lung and pancreas cancer had the most severe weight loss. These results confirm the importance of using different parameters to assess the nutritional status of elderly with cancer.

Padrões alimentares de mulheres adultas residentes em área urbana no sul do Brasil / Dietary patterns of adult women living in an urban area of Southern Brazil

OBJETIVO: Explorar a existência de padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas e fornecer dados para validação do instrumento utilizado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de 1.026 mulheres adultas (20 a 60 anos de idade), residentes na região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, 2003. O instrumento utilizado para explorar os padrões alimentares foi o Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar, constituído de 70 itens. Para a identificação dos padrões alimentares utilizou-se a análise fatorial de componentes principais. RESULTADOS: O índice de confiança da análise fatorial foi verificado por meio do determinante da matriz de correlação (6,28-4), da medida de adequação amostral (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin=0,823) e do teste de esfericidade de Bartlett (chi²(1225)=7406,39; p<0,001), todos com resultados satisfatórios, garantindo o uso desta ferramenta. Foi possível identificar cinco padrões alimentares, com 10 alimentos cada um, denominados de: padrão alimentar saudável custo 1, padrão alimentar saudável custo 2, padrão alimentar saudável custo 3, padrão alimentar de risco custo 1 e padrão alimentar de risco custo 3. CONCLUSÕES: Foi possível identificar cinco padrões alimentares nas mulheres adultas estudadas, com diferenças de custos entre eles. Esses resultados sugerem que o custo pode ser um dos determinantes da escolha e consumo dos alimentos.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dietary patterns of adult women and to provide information for validating the instrument used. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sampling of 1,026 women aged 20 to 60 years living in Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. A 70-item food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food intake. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. RESULTS: The reliability of factor analysis was assessed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic, that was equal to 0.823, the Bartlett test of sphericity, which reached statistical significance (chi²(1225)=7406.39; p<0.001), and the determinant of the correlation matrix (6,28-4). Five dietary patterns were identified, each one consisting of 10 items (foods), which were grouped as healthy food pattern cost 1, healthy food pattern cost 2, healthy food pattern cost 3, risk food pattern cost 1 and risk food pattern cost 3. CONCLUSIONS: There were identified five dietary patterns among adult women. There was a clear difference in terms of the cost of these patterns. These findings suggest that cost may be one of the determinants of food choice and food intake in this population.

[Dietary patterns of adult women living in an urban area of Southern Brazil]. / Padrões alimentares de mulheres adultas residentes em área urbana no sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dietary patterns of adult women and to provide information for validating the instrument used. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sampling of 1,026 women aged 20 to 60 years living in Southeastern Brazil, in 2003. A 70-item food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food intake. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. RESULTS: The reliability of factor analysis was assessed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic, that was equal to 0.823, the Bartlett test of sphericity, which reached statistical significance (chi-square (1225)=7406.39; p<0.001), and the determinant of the correlation matrix (6,28-4). Five dietary patterns were identified, each one consisting of 10 items (foods), which were grouped as healthy food pattern cost 1, healthy food pattern cost 2, healthy food pattern cost 3, risk food pattern cost 1 and risk food pattern cost 3. CONCLUSIONS: There were identified five dietary patterns among adult women. There was a clear difference in terms of the cost of these patterns. These findings suggest that cost may be one of the determinants of food choice and food intake in this population.